Use of advanced intravenous conscious sedation techniques in complex oral surgery procedures: comparison of midazolam, midazolam‐propofol, and midazolam‐propofol‐alfentanil combinations

Aim This retrospective observational study evaluates the safety and efficacy of intravenous sedation using midazolam only or combinations two three drugs including propofol alfentanil for complex dental surgery such as implant placement sinus augmentations. Methods The analyses 60 patients aged 42–79 who required advanced techniques oral procedures. Twenty had (M), 10 a 2-drug combination (MP) third group 30 midazolam, (MAP). last regimens were carried out under supervision dedicated consultant anaesthetist. Results Higher mean minimum heart rate (beats/min) was observed in compared to sedated with three-drug regimen (p < 0.05). time between drug administration (LDA) end (EOS) significantly longer 0.005) M (≤45 mins) other groups MP MAP (≤15 min). final titration 11.2 ± 4 mg (5–20 mg) greater than either Conclusion In requiring conscious undergo lengthy surgery, agents (midazolam, alfentanil) can provide predictable steady state up resulting better operating conditions surgeon improved patient co-operation. shorter duration action haemodynamic stability, quality reduce doses each sedative agent.